Why patients with periodontal disease and dental implants should have a periodontist who does plaque and bleeding scores.
History of periodontitis has been described as a risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Risk assessments of implant therapy in well-defined patients are necessary to clarify this clinical relevance. Roccuzzo et al. conducted a 10-year prospective, three-arm cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients. One hundred twelve partially edentulous patients were divided into periodontally healthy patients (PHP), patients with moderate chronic periodontitis (moderate PCP), and patients with severe chronic periodontitis (severe PCP). Two hundred sixty-four titanium plasma-sprayed implants were installed to support fixed prosthesis after successful completion of initial periodontal therapy. Eleven patients (18 implants) were lost at the 10-year follow-up. Clinical measures, radiographic bone changes, and adherence to supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) were recorded in 101 patients with 246 implants, (28 PHP, 37 moderate PCP and 36 severe PCP) at the 10-year follow up. Results showed that 18 of the 246 implants were lost due to biological complications. Full-mouth plaque score was similar in the three groups, but full-mouth bleeding score was higher in severe PCP. The survival rate was 96.6%, 92.8%, and 90%, respectively, for PHP, moderate PCP and severe PCP. Although there were no intergroup differences for mean bone loss, (.075 +/- 0.88 mm in PHP, 1.14 +/- 1.11mm in moderate PCP, and 0.98 +/- 1.22mm in severe PCP), the percentage of sites with bone loss greater than or equal to 3mm indicated a statistically significant difference between PHP (4.7%) and severe PCP (15.1%). A significantly high proportion of PCP who did not adhere to SPT had bone loss (11 of 18 patients) and implant loss (nine of 18 patients). The authors concluded that patients with a history of periodontitis, especially those who do not adhere to SPT, are at a higher risk for implant loss and bone loss. In summary, the results showed the importance of compliance to SPT in enhancing the long-term outcomes of implant therapy, particularly in subjects with periodontitis.
Complete article can be found the Journal of Periodontology, Volume 81, Number 6, June 2010, page 797.